On this day: July 4

July 4th is a day that holds great significance in American history, as it is the day that the United States declared its independence from Great Britain in 1776. This day is celebrated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, and other festivities across the country. But there is much more to the history of July 4th than just the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Let’s take a look at some of the key events that have taken place on this day throughout history.

1776: The Declaration of Independence

On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress officially adopted the Declaration of Independence, which outlined the reasons for the American colonies’ separation from British rule. This document, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, declared that all men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The signing of the Declaration of Independence marked the birth of the United States as a nation and is celebrated as Independence Day.

1802: West Point Military Academy Established

On July 4, 1802, the United States Military Academy at West Point was established by an act of Congress. The academy, located in New York, is one of the oldest military academies in the world and has produced many distinguished military leaders throughout its history. West Point has trained generations of cadets in military tactics, leadership, and ethics, and continues to be a prestigious institution for the education and training of future military officers.

1826: Deaths of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

On July 4, 1826, two of America’s founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, both passed away. Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States, died at the age of 83 at his home in Monticello, Virginia. Adams, the second President of the United States, died at the age of 90 at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts. The deaths of Jefferson and Adams on the same day, exactly 50 years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, is often seen as a remarkable coincidence and a poignant moment in American history.

1863: The Siege of Vicksburg Ends

On July 4, 1863, the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi surrendered to Union forces, ending a lengthy siege that had lasted for over six weeks. The fall of Vicksburg was a significant victory for the Union during the Civil War, as it gave them control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two. The surrender of Vicksburg came just one day after the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg, making July 4, 1863, a turning point in the war.

1872: Calvin Coolidge Born

On July 4, 1872, Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the United States, was born in Plymouth, Vermont. Coolidge served as President from 1923 to 1929 and is often remembered for his conservative economic policies and his commitment to limited government. Coolidge’s presidency was marked by economic prosperity and stability, and he is often ranked as one of the more underrated Presidents in American history.

1939: Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech

On July 4, 1939, legendary baseball player Lou Gehrig gave his famous farewell speech at Yankee Stadium in New York City. Gehrig, who had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), announced his retirement from baseball and delivered a heartfelt speech in which he called himself “the luckiest man on the face of the earth.” Gehrig’s speech is considered one of the most memorable moments in sports history and has since become a symbol of courage and grace in the face of adversity.

1966: LBJ Signs Freedom of Information Act

On July 4, 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Freedom of Information Act into law, which was designed to promote transparency and accountability in government by giving citizens access to federal records and information. The FOIA has since been used by journalists, researchers, and the public to uncover government secrets and hold officials accountable for their actions. The FOIA remains an important tool for promoting open government and ensuring the public’s right to know.

1997: Pathfinder Lands on Mars

On July 4, 1997, NASA’s Pathfinder spacecraft successfully landed on Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to land on the Red Planet in over 20 years. Pathfinder deployed a small rover called Sojourner, which conducted experiments and collected data on the Martian surface. The mission was a major milestone in the exploration of Mars and paved the way for future missions to the planet.

Conclusion

July 4th is a day that holds a special place in American history, as it marks the birth of the United States as a nation and is celebrated as Independence Day. But there is much more to the history of July 4th than just the signing of the Declaration of Independence. From the establishment of West Point Military Academy to the deaths of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, to the surrender of Vicksburg and Lou Gehrig’s farewell speech, July 4th has been the backdrop for many significant events throughout history. As we celebrate Independence Day each year, it is important to remember the sacrifices and achievements of those who came before us and to reflect on the values and principles that make America great.